Latent period and incubation period with associated factors of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. Methods: From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infections and 335 symptomatic infections in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of 467 Omicron infections including 253 males (54.18%) was 26 (20, 39) years old. There were 132 asymptomatic infections (28.27%) and 335 (71.73%) symptomatic infections. The mean latent period of 467 Omicron infections was 2.65 (95%CI: 2.53-2.78) days, and 98% of infections were positive for nucleic acid test within 6.37 (95%CI: 5.86-6.82) days after infection. The mean incubation period of 335 symptomatic infections was 3.40 (95%CI: 3.25-3.57) days, and 97% of them developed clinical symptoms within 6.80 (95%CI: 6.34-7.22) days after infection. The results of the AFT model analysis showed that compared with the group aged 18-49 years old, the latent period [exp(β)=1.36 (95%CI: 1.16-1.60), P<0.001] and incubation period [exp(β)=1.24 (95%CI: 1.07-1.45), P=0.006] of infections aged 0-17 years old were prolonged. The latent period [exp(β)=1.38 (95%CI: 1.17-1.63), P<0.001] and the incubation period [exp(β)=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06-1.48), P=0.007] of infections aged 50 years old and above were also prolonged. Conclusion: The latent period and incubation period of most Omicron infections are within 7 days, and age may be a influencing factor of the latent period and incubation period.

Application of teacher standardized patients combined case-based leaching in the acceptation ability training of general practitioners in medically unexplained physical symptoms / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Due to the reduction of patient cooperation and the limitation of clinical diseases, general practitioners lack effective acceptation training in the training process. To improve this situation, this study applies teacher standardized patients (TSP) combined case-based learning (CBL) to the acceptation ability training of general practitioners in medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). And the acceptation ability and communication ability of 15 general practitioners were evaluated before, during and after the training. It shows that the application of "TSP + CBL" in the acceptation ability training of general practitioners in MUPS can effectively improve the acceptation ability and communication ability of general practitioners.

Status analysis of informed consent of blood donors based on content analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To understand the current status and shortcomings of the informed consent of blood donors, and to ensure that the informed consent of blood donors complies with ethical norms and management requirements. 【Methods】 From January 1 to 31, 2022, the " Informed Consent Form for Blood Donor" and " Health Status Consultation Form", issued by 6 blood services in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Zhejiang, were collected. The contents regarding individual informed consent were set as an analysis unit; 7 first-level codes such as the form of information disclosure, 19 second-level codes such as the title of the content to be informed, and 56 items such as the content to be informed before blood donation were established to make frequency statistics. 【Results】 The informed consent, issued by six blood centers, included such elements as the form of information disclosure, blood donation process and risks, authenticity of information, donor shielding requirements, screening for transfusion-transmitted infections, other uses of blood, and consent decisions. The second-level coding with frequency≥ 4 included 12 items(63.16%), such as the title of informed consent, truthful provision of health consultation information, and blood donation under real-name, of which precautions after blood donation, privacy statement, and withdrawal were " unexplained" frequency codes. The proportion of 56 items with frequency 1~6 was 55.36%, 12.50%, 10.71%, 17.86%, 1.79% and 1.79%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The informed consent forms and health status consultation forms play a certain role in explaining and conducting informed consent in different places, but some contents are scattered and lack of specifications, information notification weights in shielding requirements while lacks post-donation care and privacy protection, and the decision-making process is inadequate. A standardized content framework for informed consent of blood donors should be established, the caring for blood donors should be promoted, and the full process of consent decision-making should be valued seriously.

HBV infection among blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations of prefecture-level cities / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection data of blood donors from 18 domestic blood stations, so as to investigate the HBV infection situation of blood donors. 【Methods】 The positive rate of HBV and its distribution characteristics of regions, the percentage of HBsAg+ ELISA in first-time vs repeated blood donors, and the percentage of HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ blood donors of 18 domestic blood stations during 2017 to 2020 were collected from the Working Platform for Practice Comparison of Blood Centers, and the HBV infection among blood donors were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the positive rate of HBV in blood donors among 18 domestic blood stations was 13.48/10 000-144.02/10 000, with the average HBV positive rate in eastern, central and western region at 26.14/10 000, 51.98/10 000 and 41.00/10 000, respectively. The HBsAg+ rate by ELISA among first-time and repeated blood donors was 14.55/10 000-305.39/10 000 vs 1.04/10 000-87.43/10 000 The HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ yield was 1.80/10 000-35.31/10 000. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of HBV infection in blood donors has regional characteristics, and HBV prevalence was low in repeated blood donors. HBsAg ELISA combined with HBV DNA detection can better ensure blood safety.

Study on platelet components production in 19 provincial blood centers in China before and during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the changes of platelet components(PC), apheresis platelets (AP) and pooled platelet concentrates (PPC) production of 19 provincial blood centers before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. 【Methods】 The data related to the collection of AP and the preparation of PPC from 2016 to 2021 of 19 provincial blood centers was collected. The production of PC, AP and PPC during the four years before the epidemic (i.e. 2016-2019) and during the COVID-19 epidemic (i.e. 2020 and 2021) were calculated respectively, and the change of production was analyzed. 【Results】 The total production of PC in 19 blood centers steadily increased from 2016 to 2019, with a decrease of 4.16% in 2020 and an increase of 15.60% in 2021, exceeding the output before the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2020, the production of PC of 42.11% (8/19) blood centers decreased compared with 2019, while 94.74% (18/19) in 2021 increased compared with 2020. The changes of AP output was basically consistent with the trend of PC. The total production of PPC in 2017 and 2018 both doubled compared to the previous year, while decreased by 67.98% in 2019, increased by 30.38% in 2020 and decreased by 27.08% in 2021. 【Conclusion】 The total production of PC kept increasing steadily between 2016 and 2019, but decreased in 2020 under the COVID-19 epidemic, with some blood centers being significantly affected. In 2021, with the strong support from government and various measures by blood centers, the total production of PC increased.

Analysis of red blood cells supply before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 from 2018 to 2021 in 18 domestic blood centers / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To compare the supply data of red blood cells(RBCs) from 18 blood centers in China before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 during 2018 to 2021. 【Methods】 Eight indicators related to RBCs supply from 18 blood centers in China during 2018-2021 were collected retrospectively, including the storage of total amount of qualified RBCs (referred to as the total amount of storage), the distribution of total amount of RBCs (referred to as the total amount of distribution), the distribution amount of RBCs per 1 000 population (referred to as the amount of distribution per 1 000 population), the distribution amount of RBCs from 400 mL original blood per 1 000 population [referred to as the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (400 mL)], the average daily distribution amount of RBCs (referred to as the average daily distribution amount), the average daily storage amount of RBCs (referred to as the average daily storage amount), the average storage days of RBCs when distribute (referred to as the RBC storage days), and the expired amount of RBCs (referred to as the expired amount). Based on the outbreak time of COVID-19, the data of 2018 and 2019 were the pre-pandemic group, and the data of 2020 and 2021 were the post-pandemic group. 【Results】 Data on RBCs supply in 18 blood centers from 2018 to 2021(comparison of the pre-pandemic group and the post-pandemic group): the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (median 14.68 U>13.92 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (400 mL) (median 10.16 U>9.21 U) decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P99 084.08 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1 000 population (median 15.04 U>12.19 U) decreased, the amount of distribution per 1000 population (400 mL) (median 10.11 U>8.94 U), the average daily distribution amount(322.66 U>270.73 U) decreased and RBC storage days (median 10.50 d324.46 U), the average daily inventory (median 3 222.00 U0.00 U) decreased, the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences on the data related to RBCs supply (except expired amount) in different blood centers (P<0.05). The ratio of average daily stock to average daily distribution in the post-outbreak group (median 12.36 d) was higher than that in the pre-outbreak group (median 10.92 d), the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05), with significant difference among different blood centers (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on RBCs supply in different blood centers. In the second year of the pandemic, the supply capability had recovered to some extent, and there were differences in RBCs supply in different blood centers.

Hypercalin B alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression via suppressing mTORC1 signaling pathway / 药学学报

The global incidence rate of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) continues to rise. The pathogenesis of NASH is complex, and there is no effective clinical treatment. Previous study has shown that DEAD box protein 5 (DDX5) can significantly alleviate the NASH process in mice. This study screened the natural product library of the research group and found that the active compound hypercalin B (HB) in Hypericum beanii N. Robson, a traditional Chinese medicine, can upregulate the expression of DDX5 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, an in vitro model of NASH stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) and an animal model of NASH induced by the methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) were constructed. Different concentrations of HB were used to investigate the effect and mechanism of HB in alleviating NASH progression. All animal experiments in this paper were approved by the Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University (NO: 2021-02-003). In vitro model results showed that HB significantly reduced the intracellular lipid deposition induced by free fatty acid (FFA). Animal experiments showed that HB improved liver injury by significantly reducing lipid accumulation in the liver of NASH mice, and reducing serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Moreover, HB could inhibit liver inflammation by reducing the mRNA levels of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Further research showed that HB could reduce the phosphorylation level of the mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR) and reduce the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), thereby improving lipid metabolism and alleviating NASH progression, and the effects of HB against NASH were dependent on DDX5. In conclusion, HB can improve lipid metabolism and inhibit inflammatory activation by suppressing mTORC1 pathway via upregulating DDX5 protein, and showed promising anti-NASH activity in vitro and in vivo.

Influence of GLCCI1 gene rs37973 polymorphism on the efficacy of ICSs in the treatment of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the functional GLCCI1 gene rs37973 polymorphism and inhaled corticosteroids （ICSs） response in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap （ACO）. METHODS Totally 173 newly diagnosed ACO patients were recruited from Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital during April 1st， 2019 to December 31st， 2020. All patients were treated with Salmeterol fluticasone inhalation powder， twice a day， for 24 weeks. The genotype of rs37973 locus was determined， and lung function indicators [forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）， FEV1/forced vital capacity （FVC）， the percentage of FEV1 to expected value （FEV1%pred）]， and lung function improvement （ΔFEV1 and ΔFEV1%pred） were all detected. RESULTS Totally 111 patients completed the whole 24-week follow-up and lung function detection. Among them， there were 42 cases of AA genotype， 52 cases of AG genotype， and 17 cases of GG genotype. After 12， 24 weeks of treatment， lung function indexes of patients were significantly better than baseline lung function indexes before treatment （P＜0.05）. After 24 weeks of treatment， ACO patients with AA and AG genotypes showed significantly better lung function improvement than GG genotype， and ΔFEV1%pred of AA genotype was significantly better than AG genotype （P＜ 0.05）. After 12， 24 weeks of treatment， the improvement of lung function in patients with a smoking history ≤20 pack year was significantly better than those with a smoking history ＞20 pack year， and among patients with a smoking history ≤20 pack year， only AA genotype had significantly better FEV1%pred than AG genotype （P＜0.05）. After 12 weeks of treatment， among patients with a smoking history ＞20 pack year， the improvement of lung function in AA genotype and AG genotype was significantly better than GG genotype， and the FEV1%pred in AA genotype was significantly better than AG genotype （P＜0.05）. After 24 weeks of treatment， the improvement of lung function of AA genotype and AG genotype was significantly better than GG genotype （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS GG genotype of GLCCI1 gene rs37973 locus is associated with the poor treatment response to ICSs in patients with ACO， especially in patients with smoking history ＞20 pack year.

Preparation and Biodistribution of 131I-labeled Hepatoma Nucleic Acid Nanotrain / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo construct 131Ⅰ-labeled hepatoma nucleic acid nanotrain and to explore its feasibility as a new nuclide carrier targeting hepatoma. MethodsThree short nucleic acid chains self-assembled to a long nucleic acid chain after being annealed， and 131Ⅰ-NT was obtained by radioiodine labeling using chloramine T method. The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity of the nanoparticles were measured by paper chromatography. The stability of the labeled products in vitro at different temperatures and different storage solvents was detected. The specific uptake of nanoparticles by hepatocellular carcinoma cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy， and the radioactive uptake ratio of 131Ⅰ-NT combined with human hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 and normal hepatocyte L02 was measured. The biodistribution of 131Ⅰ-NT was obtained through injecting 131Ⅰ-NT into HepG2 tumor-bearing mice via tail vein. ResultsThe labeling rate of 131Ⅰ-NT was （93.05±0.74） %， and the radiochemical purity post purification was （98.35±0.32） %. Its radiochemical purity in PBS and pure serum at 4℃ for 24 h was （92.77±0.04） % and （89.43±0.2） %， respectively. The radioactivity uptake rate of HepG2 cells was higher than that of L02 cells after 131Ⅰ-NT was incubated with two kinds of cells for 2 h significantly. After injection of 131Ⅰ-NT through tail vein， the radioactive uptake per gram of tumor tissue were （4.9±0.55）%ID/g， （10.12±0.32）%ID/g and （4.25±0.31）%ID/g at 30 min， 1 h and 2 h， respectively. The T/M ratio was 7.33±2.04， 36.54±12.72 and 44.93±7.90 respectively. ConclusionsThe 131Ⅰ-labeled long chain nucleic acid nanotrain was constructed successfully， which possesses relatively high stability in vitro ， and high targeting ability to HepG2 cells in vitro and HepG2 tumor-bearing mouse model. Our study demonstrated that 131Ⅰ-NT may be a potential radionuclide carrier targeting human liver cancer， which provides a new idea for the targeted radionuclide diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Analysis of the use of insulin products in our hospital after centralized volume-based procurement / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the implementation of insulin centralized volume-based procurement policy （hereinafter referred to as “centralized procurement”） in our hospital and its effect on the use of insulin products in clinical. METHODS The manufacturer， specifications， usage， sales amount and agreed purchase volume of insulin products in our hospital before （July 4， 2021 to January 3， 2022） and after （July 4， 2022 to January 3， 2023） the centralized procurement were collected. The defined daily dose （DDD） method was used to calculate defined daily doses （DDDs）， defined daily cost （DDC）， the progress of procurement completion and actual cost saving. RESULTS After the centralized procurement， the number of insulin products had increased from 20 to 29 in our hospital； except for the Insulin degludec/aspart injection in our hospital’s original insulin catalog that had not been centrally purchased， all other existing varieties had been included in centralized procurement catalog. The use of Insulin aspart 30 injection produced by Novo Nordisk （China） Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. always ranked the first place in the list of usage and DDDs before and after the centralized procurement. The sales amount of Insulin glargine injection produced by Ganli Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. and Tonghua Dongbao Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. increased significantly due to the significant increase in usage. The centralized procurement of Degu insulin injection from Novo Nordisk （China） Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. had achieved a relatively high completion rate in our hospital’s original insulin catalog， while the completion rate for new varieties was low. After the centralized procurement， our hospital actually saved a total of 1 388 582.66 yuan in expenses. CONCLUSIONS After the centralized procurement， the selection and usage of insulin varieties in our hospital are reasonable， which saves patients’ insulin treatment costs， and reduces economic pressure on patients and society.

Fibroma of tendon sheath: a clinicopathological and genetic analysis of 134 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes and molecular genetics of fibroma of tendon sheath (FTS). Methods: One hundred and thirty-four cases of FTS or tenosynovial fibroma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China from January 2008 to April 2019 were selected. The clinical and histologic features of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed on the above cases. Results: There were a total of 134 cases of FTS, including 67 males and 67 females. The patients' median age was 38 years (ranged from 2 to 85 years). The median tumor size was 1.8 cm (ranged from 0.1 to 6.8 cm). The most common site was the upper extremity (76/134, 57%). Follow-up data was available in 28 cases and there was no detectable recurrence. Classic FTS (114 cases) were well-defined and hypocellular. A few spindle-shaped fibroblasts were scattered in the dense collagenous sclerotic stroma. Characteristically elongated slit-like spaces or thin-walled vessels were observed. Most of cellular FTSs (20 cases) were well-defined and the area with increased cellularity of the spindle cells coexisted with classic FTS. There were occasional mitotic figures, but no atypical mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 8 cases of classic FTS and most cases were positive for SMA (5/8). Immunohistochemistry was also performed in 13 cases of cellular FTS and showed 100% positive rate for SMA. FISH was conducted on 20 cases of cellular FTS and 32 cases of classical FTS. USP6 gene rearrangement was found in 11/20 of cellular FTS. Among 12 cases of CFTS with nodular fasciitis (NF)-like morphological feature, 7 cases showed USP6 gene rearrangement. The rearrangement proportion of USP6 gene in cellular FTS without NF-like morphological features was 4/8. By contrast, 3% (1/32) of the classic FTS showed USP6 gene rearrangement. RT-PCR was performed in those cases with detected USP6 gene rearrangement and sufficient tissue samples for RT-PCR. The MYH9-USP6 fusion gene was detected in 1 case (1/8) of the cellular FTSs, while no target fusion partner was detected in the classic FTS. Conclusions: FTS is a relatively rare benign fibroblastic or myofibroblastic tumor. Our study and recent literature find that some of the classic FTS also show USP6 gene rearrangements, suggesting that classical FTS and cellular FTS are likely to be at different stages of the same disease (spectrum). FISH for USP6 gene rearrangement may be used as an important auxiliary diagnostic tool in distinguishing FTS from other tumors.

Latent period and incubation period with associated factors of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. Methods: From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infected persons and 335 confirmed cases in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of 467 Omicron infections including 253 males (54.18%) was 26 (20, 39) years old. There were 132 asymptomatic infections (28.27%) and 335 (71.73%) symptomatic infections. The mean latent period of 467 Omicron infections was 2.65 (95%CI: 2.53-2.78) days, and 98% of infections were positive for nucleic acid detection within 6.37 (95%CI: 5.86-6.82) days after infection. The mean incubation period of 335 symptomatic infections was 3.40 (95%CI: 3.25-3.57) days, and 97% of them developed clinical symptoms within 6.80 (95%CI: 6.34-7.22) days after infection. The results of the AFT model analysis showed that compared with the group aged 18~49 years old, the latent period [exp(β)=1.36 (95%CI: 1.16-1.60), P<0.001] and incubation period [exp(β)=1.24 (95%CI: 1.07-1.45), P=0.006] of infections aged 0~17 year old were also prolonged. The latent period [exp(β)=1.38 (95%CI: 1.17-1.63), P<0.001] and the incubation period [exp(β)=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06-1.48), P=0.007] of infections aged 50 years old and above were also prolonged. Conclusion: The latent period and incubation period of most Omicron infections are within 7 days, and age may be the influencing factor of the latent period and incubation period.

Study on the modification and anti-tumor activity of silybin derivatives for CDK4/6 targeted / 药学学报

By using computer-aided drug design, the activities group model which CDK4/6 inhibitors on the market were introduced to silybin C-7, and a series of silybin derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by MS, 13C NMR and 1H NMR. The in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of the target compound was carried out by MTT method, and the in vitro anti-tumor activity was carried out in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2). Experimental results show that all compounds are higher than the activity of the parent silybin, of which compound I1 has a certain inhibitory effect on human HepG-2 cells, which is worth further study.

Therapeutic effects of estrogen-intervened EPCs transplantation on diabetic ischemic stroke rats / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of estrogen-intervened endothelial progenitor cells( EPCs) transplantation on diabetic ischemic stroke rats. Methods PKH26-labeled diabetic EPCs and estrogen-intervened diabetic EPCs were injected into rats via the tail vein 24 h after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemic volume, behavioral changes, ischemic site vascularization and homing of EPCs were measured 3 d after EPCs injection. Results Compared with diabetic ischemic rats, estrogen-intervened EPCs transplantation had reduced infarct volumes, improved behavioral scores and ischemic site revascularization and promoted homing of EPCs to sites of injury(P<0.05). Conclusion Estrogen-intervened EPCs transplantation had a better therapeutic effect on diabetic ischemic stroke by promoting EPCs homing to injury site and EPCs-medicated neovascularization .

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.@*METHODS@#Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients.@*RESULTS@#Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Correlation between traditional Chinese medicine and reduced risk of readmission in rheumatoid arthritis patients with hypoproteinemia:a retrospective cohort study / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and reduced risk of readmission in patients having rheumatoid arthritis with hypoproteinemia(RA-H). A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 2 437 rheumatoid arthritis patients in the information system database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from 2014 to 2021, and 476 of them were found to have hypoproteinemia. The patients were divided into TCM users and non-TCM users by propensity score matching. Exposure was defined as the use of oral Chinese patent medicine or herbal decoction for ≥1 month. Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of clinical indicators of rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, the use of TCM during hospitalization was analyzed, and analysis of association rules was conducted to investigate the correlation between TCM, improvement of indicators and readmission of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to compare the readmission rate of TCM users and non-TCM users. It was found the readmission rate of RA-H patients was significantly higher than that of RA patients. By propensity score matching, 232 RA-H patients were divided into TCM group(116 cases) and non-TCM group(116 cases). Compared with the conditions in the non-TCM group, the readmission rate of the TCM group was lowered(P<0.01), and the readmission rate of middle-aged and elderly patients was higher than that of young patients(P<0.01). Old age was a risk factor for readmission of RA-H patients, while TCM, albumin(ALB) and total protein(TP) were the protective factors. During hospitalization, the TCMs used for RA-H patients were mainly divided into types of activating blood and resolving stasis, relaxing sinew and dredging collaterals, clearing heat and detoxifying, and invigorating spleen and resolving dampness. The improvement of rheumatoid factor(RF), immunoglobulin G(IgG), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP) and ALB was closely related to TCM. On the basis of western medicine treatment, the application of TCM could reduce the readmission rate of RA-H patients, and longer use of TCM indicated lower readmission rate.

Causes analysis of blood donor deferral in 20 domestic blood centers / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the main causes of blood donor deferral in domestic blood center. 【Methods】 The causes of donor deferral were classified into 12 categories as previous medical history, drug use, alcohol consumption, menstrual period, underweight, abnormal blood pressure, abnormal body temperature, abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), lipemic blood, positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and others according to the comparison indicators of Asia-Pacific Blood Network (APBN) and the national standard Blood Donor Health Examination Requirements. The relevant data of the top 3 causes of donor deferral, voluntarily reported by the members of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions from 2014 to 2019, were collected and a histogram was generated. 【Results】 The median donor deferral rate of 20 domestic blood centers from 2014 to 2019 was 12.14%, with the lowest at 0.18% and highest at 32.32%, respectively. The top three causes for donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb and abnormal blood pressure in year 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019; elevated ALT, lipemic blood and abnormal blood pressure in 2016; elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, and lipemic blood in 2017. 【Conclusion】 The main causes of donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, abnormal blood pressure and lipemic blood.

Evaluation andreflection on the good donor practice / 中国输血杂志

Blood donors, as the core of blood collection and supply system, can greatly ensure blood safety and meet clinical demands with effective management. Good donor practice (GDP) is based on the cooperation of multiple departments by multiple methods. In accordance with the principles of science and ethnic, according to the number and frequency of blood donation and blood donation behavior, GDP classified blood donors accurately, and built up a procedure including potential blood donor identification, selection, recruitment, retention and caring to maintain an accurate management system for keeping regular blood donors. The evaluation indicators for the operation of GDP system were set to conduct real-time monitoring and evaluation, so as to achieve efficient and accurate management and ensure the long-term and stable supply of blood resources.

Study on the production efficiency of platelet components in 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Progress in research of risk factors of iron deficiency and intervention in blood donors / 中华流行病学杂志

Long-term repeated regular blood donation may result in the loss and deficiency of iron. Epidemiological studies have indicated that blood donation frequency, demographical characteristics, and genetic factors are associated with iron deficiency. Our review summarizes the progress in research of etiology of iron deficiency in blood donors and intervention measures to provide evidence for the health management of non-remunerated blood donors in China.